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Our objectives were to: 1) develop an instance segmentation approach to detect leaders and estimate leader diameter in the UFO architecture, and 2) compare the performance of instance segmentation networks trained with active and natural lighting images. One of the fundamental pruning rules in the Upright Fruiting Offshoots (UFO) architecture is to remove vigorous (i.e., large diameter) leaders. Deep neural networks are powerful tools in developing robust machine vision systems for orchard environments, and herein we demonstrate how deep convolutional neural networks can be used in an automated pruning system. Any automated pruning system must possess robust machine vision capable of making accurate pruning decisions in the complex orchard environment. As a result, there is great interest in automated pruning for modern tree fruit orchards. However, pruning is laborious, requiring substantial human resources more than 40 h are required per acre of cherries. If starting with a maiden, prune the main stem back by 1/3 of its length.Pruning is a perennial orchard operation vital to orchard health, fruit yield, and fruit quality. Any side branches that are less than 15cm can be left unpruned. Prune back the main stem to 15cm above a side branch. If starting with a feathered maiden, prune all side branches back to 10cm. See our website for details on how to train the new growth for these forms. Prune the tree down to around 35 – 45cm from the ground. This is generally between 1m – 1.5m from the ground. Reduce the main stem to a height at which you would like side branches to form. If you want to create a centre-leader tree (Christmas tree shape) then prune the main stem back to 15-20cm above an existing side branch.īy pruning the main stem back you will encourage side branches to grow in the following summer. If you want to create a goblet shaped tree (open centre) then prune the main stem back to an existing side branch. If the branches are less than 15cm then leave them unpruned. Eg, a 50cm side branch can be pruned back to 25cm. You can prune back any side branches that are longer than 15cm by half their length. Prune plum, gage, damson and cherry trees as below during the months May – July. Prune apple, pear, quince and medlar trees as below during the months Dec – March.